Matthias Schulz studied Concert Piano at the University Mozarteum Salzburg.
After working for the Konzerthaus Dortmund in 2003, he started 2004 at the Salzburg Festival as Project Manager for the opera project "Mozart 22".
After completion of this opera project Matthias Schulz worked as Concert and Media Manager at the Salzburg Festival from 2005 until 2009 being responsible for the concert and the initiation and strategic planning of the media productions. In the following years Schulz was Head of Concert Planning of the Salzburg Festival and besides being responsible for the concert area he was also involved in the overall planning of the Festival productions.
In 2012 Matthias Schulz took responsibility as General Artistic and Managing Director of the Stiftung Mozarteum Salzburg.  Besides the concert planning he was also responsible for the other two core areas of the Stiftung the science and museums.
June 2015 Matthias Schulz became the director designate of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden. In September 2017 he became co-director together with director Jürgen Flimm. On 1 April 2018 Matthias Schulz took over the overall responsibility of the Staatsoper Unter den Linden as director.
Matthias Schulz was and is a board member of various festivals and jury member of international competitions.